Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a female's reproductive organs. It is often caused by an STD, particularly chlamydia or gonorrhea, but in about 10% of cases it occurs in the absence of an STD.
The risk of getting PID is increased in females who have:
- An untreated STD, or multiple recent STDs
- More than one sexual partner or a sexual partner who also has other sexual partners
- Previously had PID
- Recently douched (douching can force normal bacteria upwards into the reproductive organs)
- Recently had an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted
Symptoms of PID can be very mild or absent or can include:
- Pain in the lower abdomen
- Fever
- An unusual, foul smelling vaginal discharge
- Pain and/or bleeding during or after sex
- Burning sensation while urinating
- Bleeding between periods
PID can be effectively treated but early diagnosis is critical, as the treatment (antibiotics) will not repair any damage to the reproductive system that has already occurred.
Untreated PID can cause serious complications, including:
- Scar tissue inside and outside the fallopian tubes that can lead to tubal blockage
- Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
- Infertility
- Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain